Freemasonry is the oldest fraternal organisation in the world, dating back to the Middle Ages. Since its inception, the society has been shrouded in mystery and controversy, with accusations ranging from satanism and political manipulation to world domination conspiracies. On the surface, Freemasons are a global fraternity, with lodges in major cities worldwide, dedicated to enlightenment and charitable work. However, much about their membership and practices remains secretive. To truly understand Freemasonry, we must explore its origins, when a group of stonemasons formed a fraternity in the Middle Ages, later evolving into an influential brotherhood that attracted some of the most powerful figures in history.
1. Freemason Symbols
Many people assume that the All-Seeing Eye is a symbol of the Illuminati, but in reality, it belongs to the Freemasons. Also known as the Eye of Providence, it represents the omniscience of God over humanity. However, the primary symbol of Freemasonry is the square and compass, tools traditionally used by builders. The emblem also contains a “G” in the middle, which some believe stands for “God” or “Geometry”—the true meaning remains a mystery. Other known symbols include the beehive and the hammer, though each lodge can create its own secret insignia that may never be made public.
2. Recruitment and Hierarchy
Freemasonry does not openly recruit members—you must know someone within the fraternity. New applicants are presented to a council for vetting, after which the lodge conducts an investigation into their background to determine their suitability. Key requirements include being prominent, educated, and believing in a higher power. If the lodge votes in favour, the recruit is accepted as an apprentice. Freemasonry consists of three main degrees: Apprentice, Fellowcraft, and Master Mason. Each degree has its own set of rituals and teachings. The highest rank within a lodge is the Grand Master, who serves as the leader.
3. The High and Mighty Among Freemasons
Some of the most powerful figures in history have been Freemasons. Many of the Founding Fathers of the United States, including Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin, were members. In total, at least 14 US presidents have been identified as Freemasons. In the UK, Edward, Duke of Kent, a former Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE), and cousin to Queen Elizabeth II, was a prominent figure. Despite claims of inclusivity, Freemasonry has historically attracted elite and influential individuals, from politicians to sportsmen and business magnates.
4. Secret Handshakes and Greetings
Freemasonry is infamous for its secret handshakes and coded gestures. While the organisation denies any formalised handshakes, researchers and former members claim that different ranks within Freemasonry have their own unique greetings, including the “Lion’s Paw,” “Pass Grip,” and variations of the handshake. These gestures allegedly serve as a means of identification between members.
5. Women in Freemasonry
The role of women in Freemasonry has been controversial. Initially, there were no records of female Freemasons, though no formal ban was in place. However, in 1723, James Anderson wrote a guidebook that excluded women, atheists, and slaves from membership. Over time, female-only Masonic organisations emerged, such as the Order of the Eastern Star. In 1908, a separate female Freemasonry order was established, which still exists today but lacks traditional male lodges’ influence.
6. Hitler’s Persecution of Freemasons
While Adolf Hitler’s atrocities are widely associated with the Holocaust, Freemasons were also among his targets. The Nazi regime considered Freemasons to be allies of the Jewish people and a threat to Nazism. As a result, between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were executed or sent to concentration camps. This led to many Masonic lodges across Europe closing or going underground for fear of persecution.
7. Freemasonry Predates the Illuminati
Freemasonry is often compared to the Illuminati, a secret society founded by German scholar Adam Weishaupt in the 1770s. While some Freemasons were linked to the Illuminati, the two organisations were distinct. The roots of Freemasonry can be traced back to the 1500s when stonemason guilds formed in Scotland and England. By the 1600s, Freemasonry had developed into an organised fraternity with structured lodges. Despite conspiracy theories linking Freemasonry to occultism, historical records suggest that it predates the Illuminati and has functioned independently for centuries.
8. Racism in Freemasonry
For centuries, Freemasonry was an exclusive club for white men. Just as women were barred from joining, so were black individuals, particularly during the era of slavery. It wasn’t until 1847 that some lodges in the US began accepting black members. While modern Freemasonry officially rejects racial discrimination, the majority of members still tend to be wealthy Caucasian men. However, notable Freemasons of colour include war hero Sergeant Johnson Beharry. Accusations of racism persist, and some lodges have been criticised for maintaining outdated exclusionary practices.
9. Freemason Rituals and Accusations of Satanism
In the 19th century, the Catholic Church famously referred to Freemasonry as the “synagogue of Satan,” accusing the fraternity of engaging in demonic rituals. While Freemasonry is no longer as secretive as it once was, much about its internal ceremonies remains unknown. There is no concrete evidence of occult practices, but many religious institutions, including the Catholic Church, still prohibit their members from joining Freemasonry.
10. Freemasonry and Religion
Despite accusations of satanism and corruption, Freemasonry does not permit atheists to join, which contradicts claims that it is an anti-religious society. The fraternity maintains that its core purpose is to promote enlightenment, charity, and the betterment of humanity. Members are required to believe in a Supreme Being, though the organisation does not advocate for any particular religion.
Final Thoughts: Mystery, Influence, and Speculation
Freemasonry has long fascinated historians, conspiracy theorists, and the general public alike. While some view it as an innocent fraternal organisation dedicated to personal development and charity, others see it as an elite group with hidden motives and undue influence over global affairs. Regardless of your perspective, Freemasonry remains one of the most intriguing and enigmatic societies in history.
Have Your Say!
Do you know anyone who claims to be a Freemason? Have you ever encountered any of the symbols or handshakes mentioned? What do you think about the fraternity—secretive and sinister, or just misunderstood? Share your thoughts in the comments below!